Sunday, July 17, 2011

DEM



DEM are digital elevation models. These are computer produced maps that show elevation of the surface. May of these maps use color shading to show the relief. The particular DEM map shows elevation in a location in Africa. http://www.satimagingcorp.com/svc/dem.html

DOQQ



DOQQ’s are digital aerial photos. They can be produced as false color-infrared photos or in true color.  The image above is a false color infrared.  False color imagery helps delineate surface features.http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/doqq.html

Isopleths



Isopleth maps makes the information portrayed on the map easy to view by using lines of connecting data points. These maps consist of contour maps and meteorology maps. The big thing on these maps is showing the third dimension. This Isopleth map is showing horizontal temperature difference. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cimms.ou.edu/~doswell/sfcanal/Fig_5c.GIF&imgrefurl=http://cimms.ou.edu/~doswell/sfcanal/surface_analysis.html&usg=__MDc9amDlcG-nvedhJW3T-6OLRhM=&h=462&w=608&sz=17&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=Fk_3G0l9yINhqM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=129&ei=Lp8jTouGIs3ogQfngcW-Cw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DIsopleths%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D551%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=373&vpy=246&dur=2565&hovh=196&hovw=258&tx=186&ty=89&page=1&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0

Star plots


Star plots let the viewer compare multiple variables for each observation. They are so common because they allow for easy visualization. In this star plot it shows the different automobiles in 1979 and give an analysis of each of them based on price, mileage, repair, headroom, etc. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/starplot.htm

Correlation matrix



This Correlation matrix is showing a subset of the top 100 cancer genes. These charts show a correlation between the different genes.http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.livestockgenomics.csiro.au/Genome_to_Phenome/matrix32_blocked.png&imgrefurl=http://www.livestockgenomics.csiro.au/Genome_to_Phenome/&usg=__Yfd_2_IeD8SayFb7gH7f48l9Nl4=&h=597&w=622&sz=82&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=5QQiOkveFfGYEM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=126&ei=iJwjTv21I5HogQeo-eC-Cw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCorrelation%2Bmatrix%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D551%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=351&page=1&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=47&ty=74

Similarity matrix



Similarity matrix's show how a variable changes between different variations of it, such as genes. In the above chart, it shows Amino Acids similarities. http://cbrg.ethz.ch/Server/ServerBooklet/section2_14.html

Stem and Leaf Plot


Stem and Leaf Plots are designed with the tenths number on one axis and the singles digit plotted in the chart. This makes finding the median fairly easy for the viewer. They also help show alot of data in a small area. http://www.eduplace.com/math/mhm/5/06a/index.html

Box plot



"A boxplot, or box and whisker diagram, provides a simple graphical summary of a set of
data. It shows a measure of central location (the median), the average, and measures of dispersion. Boxplots are especially useful when comparing two or more sets of data."(Notes)
So in this data set, it shows the median score of each machine as well as each percentile. http://itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/boxplot.htm

Histogram



A Histogram is a chart that displays a tabulated frequency. That means that it will show the number of times another data set was selected. So in the chart above, 6 scored a number of 50. http://www.netmba.com/statistics/histogram/

Parallel coordinate graph



Parallel coordinate graphs are made to show large amounts of information. They are not meant to indicate change as much as to get a lot of data into one graph. Each variable is graphed on a vertical axis. A data element is plotted as a connected set of points.  http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~cook/movabletype/archives/2007/10/parallel_coordi.html

Triangular plot



Triangular plots are designed to get the percents of sand, silt and clay out of a certain area. It tells the viewer what percent of each soil type makes up the other soil types. http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/s_u/soil_texture_triangle.html

Windrose

A Windrose map shows the direction the wind blew from most of the year. In this map the wind blew from the North less than 2% of the time. http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/17748-windrose

Climograph



A climograph is a graphic representation of the relation between temperature and
precipitation as plotted at monthly intervals throughout the year. This graph above is showing that the rainfall is down and the temperature is up, causing the drought conditions. http://www.drought.unl.edu/whatis/climographs.htm

Population profile



Population profile or population pyramids as many people call them are graphs that display age and sex distributions for a given region. Depending on the shape of the graph, one can tell if the population is increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant. This map shows a large group of young people and a small group of elderly. http://www.scalloway.org.uk/popu4.htm

Scatterplot

Scatterplot is a graph charted with the actual values. There is them a trend line placed on the graph. By looking at the patter of the dots you can tell what kind of trend the data is following. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.meted.ucar.edu/hydro/verification/intro/media/graphics/scatterplot_question.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.meted.ucar.edu/hydro/verification/intro/print_version/04-Correlation.htm&usg=__gn7RTlXgzQUD70jB9IKL25Hvo4M=&h=400&w=550&sz=6&hl=en&start=14&zoom=1&tbnid=L9z55fA6T6NooM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=158&ei=RpIjTsCJN5LqgQfS3Mm-Cw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dscatterplot%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D551%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=495&page=2&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:14&tx=66&ty=53

Index value plot



Index value plots are made up of index values rather than an absolute number. In this chart above the index value is 50. http://www.muhlenkamp.com/investment/principles/the_frugal_consumer-will_it_last

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve shows a graph that has two lines. One line will be the actual data and it is known as the Lorenz Curve. This line shows actual data while the other shows the information if it were equally distributed. http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v34/n10/full/1704653a.html

Bilateral graph


Bilateral graphs are graphs that show one thing on either ends of the scale. For example, their will be an natural increase on one side and a natural decrease on the other. One being birth rates and the other being death rates. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?issn=1574-8715&volume=9&chapterid=1912022&show=html

Nominal area choropleth map



Nominal area choropleth maps uses nominal data to show the results of the research. The information that is displayed is strictly random and has no set standards. http://www.babynamewizard.com/node/27109

Unstandardized choropleth maps

Unstandardized choropleth maps show the raw numbers and have no sort of range or standard that they are adjusted to. This map for example does not have a set range. http://blog.revolutionanalytics.com/2009/11/choropleth-map-r-challenge.html

Standardized choropleth maps



Standardized choropleth maps are similar to the other choropleth maps, but the data is meant to represent the population and the density of the area. For example, the map above is showing the density per km. http://soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/mapindex/popden.html

Univariate choropleth maps




Univariate choropleth maps are a type of choropleth map that contain only one measured value. In this map above it shows the percent of the United States living in poverty and uses shades of orange to show the differences. http://visualizingeconomics.com/2007/08/11/united-states-poverty-map/

Bivariate choropleth maps




Bivariate choropleth maps are maps that show two or more different things overlay-ed onto one map. They do this to find a trend or similarity between the different things. In the maps above, many things are being compared. You have white women and black women all over cervical and breast cancer, then you have no insurance compared with no insurance. https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1800

Unclassed choropleth maps

Unclassed choropleth maps use shading just like classed choropleth maps but, instead of having a range for each color, an unclassed map will have a number that is equal to a certain shade of black and white.  Then the following ones are all adjusted around the number closest to it. So this would be the example on the right.This is why these maps are trouble, because if you were to have the same map in classified then it would look different. http://krygier.owu.edu/krygier_html/geog_353/geog_353_lo/geog_353_lo07.html

Classed choropleth maps




Classed choropleth maps the same as choropleth maps in the sense that they use shading to determine where each area falls into, but in classed cholorpleths there is a set range for each shade to fall into. Instead of the viewer having to guess what the exact number is, the color will match up with a certain amount such as the map above. http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec7.html

Range graded proportional circle map

Range graded proportional circle maps like the one above show the information that is being shown by using graded out circles to show different figures. In this case the different size circles represent from $1,800 up to $79,400.  http://personal.frostburg.edu/shbruin0/seth_maps.htm

Isopach maps





Isopach maps uses lines to connect points of equal distance. This is useful in al type of drilling and mining. Knowing the thickness lets the companies that do this work know what they have to drill to or mine to reach the material that is of need. This also comes in handy when researching volcanoes. In the map above, it shows the Rio Blanco Tephra Deposit. http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/barker/kempter/rbtephra.html

Isohyets



Isohyets are both similar to Isobars and Isotachs. Isohyeths connect equal points of percipitation. The map above shows the monthly rainfall in Taranaki. Each bar is an increase in 100 mm. Isohyets are another type of map showing something over a certain period of time. The Isohyet maps are comonly done yearly and also daily. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

Isotachs



Isotachs are very similar to isobars. Instead of connecting areas of equal pressure, the Isotach maps connect areas of equal wind speeds. In the map above, the wind speeds are shown by intensity using darker shading. The darker the area means the higher the wind speed is. The things in the map that look like F's are which direction the wind is going. http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/events/28Oct2008/ua2.php

Isobar maps



Isobar maps are maps that use Isobars to connect points of data. Isobars are used in meterology to connect areas of equal pressure. In the map above, it is showing a low-pressure front and the changes in pressure around the front. http://www.crh.noaa.gov/unr/?n=05-06-99

LIDAR

File:LIDAR field yield.jpg

LIDAR is a type of remote sensing that uses lasers to send beams down to the objects on earth to measure different things such as distance and can sense different types of objects. In the image above it shows how LIDAR is used in agriculture. LIDAR technology can actually analyze an area of crops and determine the areas of better soil for wha they are growing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LIDAR_field_yield.jpg

Doppler radar



Doppler radar has become a very handing mapping form. Doppler radar is a cartographic animation because it shows change over a certain period of time. In the map above it is a still frame from Doppler radar taken of a hurricane moving its way across Florida. The radar uses shading to show the different strengths of the storm. http://kwilklab.wordpress.com/2011/04/15/polarimetric-doppler-radar-rocks-the-house/

Black & white aerial photo



Black and white aerial photos show what the human eye would see from an aerial view. Unlike the infrared aerial photos where you can see differences in the land, black and white offers a more amateur form of aerial photography. The different shading in the photo above allows the viewer to make out the water and the land along with roadways and houses.

Infrared aerial photo



For the infared aerial photo I chose a map of the Red River Basin. The infareed aerial photos show many things that a normal blac and white aerial photo cannot. For example the infared photo can show differences in vegetation. http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/pie/data/map/MAP.htm

Saturday, July 16, 2011

Cartographic animations



Cartographic animations are maps that show change over time using digital animation. These types of maps have become very helpful in today's world. You will see these types of maps daily on the news when they are showing the weather. This map above is showing net-long wave radiation.

http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/JSHINKER/animations/global/gifs/nlwrs_web.gif

Statistical maps



Statistical maps are maps that show a measured variable over the geographic location. This can be shown in many different ways such as shading and bars like the map above. The variable being measured in the map above is showing the growth rates of internet in Africa. Bars are representing the growth as and the colors are representing the amount of growth or change.http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/census.html

Cartograms

File:Germany-population-cartogram.png

A Cartogram is a type of map that distorts the image to show the information that is being displayed. In this map it shows Germany's states resized according to population. If you were to look at a regular map of Germany it would not look the same because the higher populated smaller states are much larger in this map. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germany-population-cartogram.png

Flow map



Flow maps are made to show the movement of something across georgraphy. Flow maps are very commonly used by transit companies and state agencies regulating traffic flow. In this map the variable neing measured is the flow of heat across the country.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://smu.edu/geothermal/heatflow/HeatFlowMap.gif&imgrefurl=http://smu.edu/geothermal/heatflow/heatflow_points.htm&usg=__JcySULAHrwX8iwaFk5_-KyJqEGw=&h=307&w=549&sz=16&hl=en&start=81&zoom=1&tbnid=i5UTo-KYqH3T0M:&tbnh=100&tbnw=178&ei=YkYiTpzUFpCztweAx7SyAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DFlow%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=692&vpy=310&dur=853&hovh=168&hovw=300&tx=154&ty=70&page=4&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:81&biw=1363&bih=740

Isoline maps



Isoline maps are a type of thematic maps that uses lines to connect the like numbers in a map, very similar to topo maps. In this map above it is showing the annual precipitation in Washington in 1996. The higher precipitation is shown with the darker shade of purple. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://lostmanmaps.com/gallery/wash-precip.gif&imgrefurl=http://lostmanmaps.com/gallery.html&usg=__jD229S4Yg2E0W8RR_zo9Js5WK9s=&h=525&w=700&sz=20&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=mkuZUfXtss5FOM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=202&ei=W0UiTue2IImCtgfXx7SkAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DIsoline%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=529&vpy=262&dur=4376&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=119&ty=133&page=1&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Proportional circle map



Proportional circle maps use different size circles to represent the measures variable. In most cases, the larger the circle is means that the higher the measurement is. In this map it is showing the number of foreign born Irish in the western US.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.neiu.edu/~tpoconno/geography/377/Proportional_Circle_Map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.neiu.edu/~tpoconno/geography/377/377home.htm&usg=__OXS0d-w9aezbksl4eomu3RYINU4=&h=1117&w=1169&sz=312&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=TOnySAuGCOW8wM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=147&ei=gkQiTu-0CMrAtgfOkNnSAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DProportional%2Bcircle%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1090&vpy=228&dur=784&hovh=219&hovw=230&tx=149&ty=108&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Choropleth maps



Choropleth maps portray areal data. They are maps that use color shading to show differences in the variable being measured. The map above shows the percent of the population who are either hispanic or latino in each county of Florida. The darker shade color shows the higher percent.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Tom/hispanic_race_fl-H1_FINAL.gif&imgrefurl=http://illinoisstate.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Tom/&usg=__V15tSmNDY70CrsqQkjNYvgOEOzc=&h=375&w=500&sz=13&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=O4EbIah7kzga4M:&tbnh=131&tbnw=175&ei=k0MiTrKGGIiftwfjkpTKAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dchoropleth%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=379&vpy=124&dur=803&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=111&ty=134&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Dot distribution map



Dot distribution maps are used to show a certain type of distribution. The most common use for these types of maps are to show population density. Dots are used to show the different parameters that are being measured. In the map above, one dot represents 7,500 people. This makes it easy to pick out the highly populated areas over the non-populated ones.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/images/small2kden.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/2kpopden.html&usg=__DQYIq6tt5cvG7k3Lb6e4sxuO1eY=&h=805&w=1043&sz=433&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=aZJnyA7V6TLovM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=162&ei=g0IiTtLLBdGjtgfikeXDAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddot%2Bdistribution%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=302&vpy=120&dur=2833&hovh=197&hovw=256&tx=111&ty=95&page=1&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Propaganda maps

.

Propaganda maps are made to influence the viewer in a certain way and to get the viewer to have a certain view about something. These types of maps were very common in times of war.This particular map id about how tea revived the world. While this is not necessarily true the map was made to get people to believe this. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01633/maps-image_1633463c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/7706372/At-last-I-can-see-the-point-of-maps.html&usg=__9IT0MRSbByWsVJlZsF_xy8eFleY=&h=288&w=460&sz=60&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=zYug4qfGeeyyQM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=178&ei=-kAiTor1Coe3tgfGkaCwAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DPropaganda%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=540&vpy=402&dur=5276&hovh=178&hovw=284&tx=180&ty=122&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Hypsometric maps


Hypsometric maps use shading to show the difference in contour lines. Instead of being like the topo maps, these maps use diferent colors instead of lines. In this map, the darker the shade of orange it is represents a higher elevation. They use these types of maps alot when showing ocean depts as well.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/learningresources/carto_corner/map5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/learningresources/carto_corner/map5.jpg/image_view&usg=__jTFIHfpYLLXeF_rDIi2DCYJWGVg=&h=601&w=447&sz=88&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=aWCVCsTX54_eMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=91&ei=B0AiTqSgHsiTtwf0rZ2yAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHypsometric%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=994&vpy=233&dur=3571&hovh=260&hovw=194&tx=135&ty=165&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

PLSS maps



Public Lans Survey System System or PLSS is a type of mapping that divides areas into townships and ranges. It is a way to divide all the federally owned land into rectangular sections. It is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. This map shows an area of the Southwestern Region that the US Forest Service controls. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MEDIA/stelprdb5202193.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.fs.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsinternet/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjAwhwtDDw9_AI8zPyhQoY6BdkOyoCAGixyPg!/%3Fss%3D1103%26navtype%3DBROWSEBYSUBJECT%26cid%3Dstelprdb5201889%26navid%3D160130000000000%26pnavid%3D160000000000000%26position%3DNot%2520Yet%2520Determined.Html%26ttype%3Ddetail%26pname%3DRegion%25203-%2520Geospatial%2520Data&usg=__zgVuttJgzhCW_dO-kNLydTgEUjQ=&h=480&w=768&sz=25&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=xV7GeelkDXzmPM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=179&ei=Mj4iTpOPLZCUtweRxIGfAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DPLSS%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=890&vpy=301&dur=2032&hovh=177&hovw=284&tx=142&ty=122&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Cadastral maps



Cadastral maps are used by many people and play a large role in realestate and county and state work. These maps show property ownership and their boundaries. For example, you can go down to the city hall and get what is called a platt book. These books will have maps of the whole county showing who owns what land. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://history.youle.info/gracemere/images/Gracemere_cadastral.jpg&imgrefurl=http://history.youle.info/gracemere/maps.html&usg=__fGTxftP7z1h9dKX9o_a2qhgISTQ=&h=496&w=641&sz=148&hl=en&start=82&zoom=1&tbnid=rqG_elJdGZBbFM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=151&ei=EjwiTob4M8OTtwevhtCVAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCadastral%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=166&vpy=397&dur=6414&hovh=197&hovw=255&tx=165&ty=134&page=4&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:82&biw=1363&bih=740

Thematic Maps



Thematic maps are meant to show a certain theme rather than many all put together in one map. In these maps they are showing the seasons for different pollens across the country. The common theme in these are the type of pollen and the location where the seasons are. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/maps/img/pollen-season-maps_lrg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.buffalo.edu/maps/mapresources/mapsinnewsarticles.php&usg=__NVLbM1Y9javuLgP_nFt1Gy6fFUw=&h=559&w=603&sz=170&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=HHHrZp9_hevsgM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=135&ei=YzkiTvr3Fo6btweE6uGlAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DThematic%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=533&vpy=260&dur=5878&hovh=216&hovw=233&tx=83&ty=121&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Topographic Map



Topographic Maps show the elevation of an area. They use contour lines to show the different elevation changes. In this particular map it is showing the Elden mountains. In all topo maps the closer the contour lines are together means the change in elevation is greater. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ghosttowns.com/Images/tandr.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ghosttowns.com/topotmaps.html&usg=__74Rmq7-TWbNBgS8m_GxKzJeMC6o=&h=456&w=432&sz=29&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=rjT1RKuS7DQd1M:&tbnh=139&tbnw=132&ei=DTgiTqahOISitgfZxs25Aw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtopographic%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1363%26bih%3D740%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=997&vpy=384&dur=3843&hovh=231&hovw=218&tx=165&ty=91&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0&biw=1363&bih=740

Planimetric map


A Planimetric map is a map that shows the horizontal features of an area. Most maps that we use fall into this type of category. For example when we were in orientation the leaders gave us all a planimetric map to find our way around campus. This particular map is of a city and it shows the distance between the buildings.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.directionsmag.com/images/newsletter/2002/06_03/dcatlas3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://francais.directionsmag.com/articles.php%3Farticle_id%3D220&usg=__7ISA6IlvX9xuOUgP5AJVr_mmWV8=&h=362&w=490&sz=177&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=8Cj9vUtAKvNtJM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=180&ei=VjUiToH1AcOEtgflp-TQAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dplanimetric%2Bmap%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D785%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=473&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=97&ty=52